HOME ECONOMICS JSS1 WK 4 NOTE

 Date 

Topic: PUBERTY AND MENSTRUATION 

       Puberty is a phase in human in human development which comes with noticeable changes in some parts of the body. It occurs in boys and girls during which their sexual organs develop and they become capable of having children. 

                   Signs Of Puberty 

        Once a girl or boy has reached puberty stage, he or she will notice the following physical changes. 

          Changes in Girls 

a. The breast develop 

b. The pelvic bone develops making the hips wider 

c. Hair begins to appear around the public area and under the armpits 

d. Pimples appear on the faces of some girls 

e. The sex glands known as ovaries which are dormant in childhood begins active work. 

f. Menstruation starts.

          Changes in Boys 

a. The shape of the body changes becoming masculine  in appearance .

b. Hair grows on the public are and under the armpit. 

c. The voice begins to break and gets deeper . 

d. The penis(sex organ) becomes longer and thicker while the scrotum becomes larger and firmer. The testicles (sex glands) produces spermatozoa or sperm. 

e. Wet dreams occur,this is the first flow of semen from the body during sleep. 

f. Some boys began to grow beards around the jaw and a moustache above the upper lip. 

         Although boys generally reach puberty at about age of fourteen years ,girls reach it at about twelve years. There are individual differences therefore these periods cannot be the same for everybody. 

                    MENSTRUATION 

          Menstruation is the monthly flow of blood from the womb through the vagina. It occurs in girls from puberty stage until menopause. Once a girl reaches the age of menstruation and has sexual intercourse with a man, she may become pregnant. If pregnancy does not occur, the ovum will shed out in the form of blood from the uterus Orr the womb through the vagina. Menstruation last between three to five days. Some women may have longer or shorter periods. 

                        Menstrual Cycle 

            This includes the days when bleeding occurs and the interval between each menstrual cycle. In most women or girls, the cycle varies in length from 24days to 34days and an average of  28days. 

                       Hygiene During Menstruation 

             Cleanliness is very important during menstruation . The blood that flows during menstruation can produce a very bad odour if a person fails to keep her body clean. It is therefore very important to keep the body clean during menstruation. This is called menstrual hygiene. 

           Menstrual hygiene includes the following 

I. Use good absorbent disposable sanitary pads, towels and pants which should be changed as soon as they are soiled. 

II. Use talcum powder or vaseline when the tights itch 

III. Used pads should be properly disposed immediately by wrapping it paper and throwing it in the waste basket or in a pit latrine. 

IV. Clothing should be changed daily especially underwears.

V. Clothes used during periods should be washed often especially underwear. 

                   BODY ODOUR 

      Body odour is an unpleasant smell that comes out of the body after perspiration or when the body is not properly washed. At the onset of puberty, changes occur in the body because the different glands and hormones are working very hard. They produce two special hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) in girls. 

                  Causes of Body Odour 

1. Poor hygiene during menstruation 

2. Irregular bathing.

3. Stale perspiration (stale sweat).

4. Bleaching with soaps and creams.

5. Wearing of dirty cloths 

                 Prevention of Body Odour 

        Body odour can be prevented by observing the following; 

1. Bathing regularly especially during menstruation and after exercises.

2. Practicing good personal hygiene and general hygiene all the time. 

3. Wearing neat and clean clothes 

4. Wearing good perfumes and cosmetics or deodorants. 

5. Sleeping in a well ventilated room to reduce the rate of sweating at night. 

               Assignment 

List 5 importance of personal hygiene. 








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